Ibice bikurikira bisobanura iterambere rya viscoelastic rya polyurethane foam intera ku yindi, bihuza uburyo bwo gukora, ibintu biboneka, n'ibipimo ngenderwaho mu gukora.

1. Ibitekerezo by'ibanze

1. Ubucucike

Ubucucike bugaragaza ubudahangarwa bw'ikintu mu gutemba kandi bugaragaza imyitwarire yacyo icucitse. Ubucucike bwinshi busobanura ko budashobora gutemba neza.

2. Gukomera

Gukomera bivuze ubushobozi bw'ikintu bwo kugarura imiterere yacyo ya mbere nyuma yo guhinduka. Gukomera cyane bitanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo guhinduka no kugwa kw'ifuro.

3. Agace ka Gel

Agace ka gel ni ihinduka rikomeye aho sisitemu ihinduka kuva ku mazi atemba ikajya ku muyoboro ukomeye udatemba. Ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi cyane itandukanya mu ifuro.

4. Icyerekezo rusange

Mu gihe cyose cy’ifuro, ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera, mu gihe ubushyuhe bugenda bukura buhoro buhoro buva ku bugwari buto cyane bukagera ku bunini. Nyuma yo gukaraba, ubushyuhe buba ikimenyetso kigenga sisitemu.

2. Ihindagurika rya Viscoelastic binyuze mu cyiciro cyo gufuro

Icyiciro cya 1: Icyiciro cya mbere cyo kuvanga (Igihe cyo gutangira gukora mbere y'igihe cyo gusiga amavuta)

Leta

Polyol, isocyanate, n'inyongeramusaruro byavanzwe. Impinduka mu mikorere y'ibinyabutabire zigenda buhoro buhoro, imyuka ikora ni mike cyane, kandi sisitemu ikomeza kuba amazi amwe.

Imiterere ya Viscoelastic

• Ubushyuhe buke kandi butuma amazi atemba neza.
• Nta buryo bworoshye bwo guhagarara.
• Mu ngufu zo hanze, ibintu binyura mu buryo bwihuse kandi guhinduka ntibishobora gusubizwa inyuma.

Impamvu y'Impinduka

Imiyoboro ya molekile ntabwo irakora ihuriro rikomeye. Igipimo cy'imikorere ya NCO-OH kiracyari hasi, kandi nta muyoboro wa polymer washyizweho.

Isuzuma ry'umusaruro

Uruvange rugaragara nk'urumuri cyangwa nk'amata make kandi rutemba neza.

Icyiciro cya 2: Icyiciro cya Cream (Gutangira gusohora ifuro)

Leta

Igipimo cy'ingaruka kirihuta. Amazi agirana na isocyanate kugira ngo atange CO₂ nyinshi. Sisitemu ihinduka umweru, utubumbe duto tugaragara, maze kwaguka kwa mbere bigatangira.

Imiterere ya Viscoelastic

• Ubushyuhe bwiyongera vuba uko oligomer n'imiyoboro miremire ya molekile byiyongera.
• Uburimbane buke butangira kugaragara bitewe no gushinga amashyirahamwe y’uruhererekane rw’ibanze.
• Sisitemu ikomeza kuba ikomeye cyane kandi ikomeza gutemba no kwaguka.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi

Udupira dukomeza kwirema no gukura. Sisitemu ishingiye ahanini ku bunini bwayo kugira ngo ifatanye n'udupira twa gaze kandi ikarinda ko gaze isohoka.

Icyiciro cya 3: Intambwe yo Kuzamuka (Igihe cyo Gukuramo Ifuro Rikomeye Mbere yo Gutemba)

Leta

Igipimo cy'ingaruka kigera ku rwego rwo hejuru. Imyuka myinshi irakorwa, ingano y'ifuro irakura vuba, kandi uturemangingo turakura vuba. Iki ni cyo cyiciro cy'ingenzi cyane cyo gukora ifuro.

Imiterere ya Viscoelastic

• Ubushyuhe bukomeje kwiyongera cyane.
• Ubushobozi bwo gutemba bugabanuka cyane.
• Uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu burushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma uburimbane bwiyongera vuba.
• Imyitwarire ya Viscoelastic irushaho kugaragara, buhoro buhoro ihinduka igana ku butegetsi bworoshye.
• Ibikoresho bikura imbaraga zo gukomera no kudacika.

Iyo ifuro rirambuye, rihinduka ariko rigasubirana igice iyo imbaraga zimaze gukurwaho. Udupira dukura dukomeza guhagarara neza muri matrix.

Ingaruka ku mikorere

• Iyo ubushyuhe budahagije kandi ubushyuhe bugakomera, ibibyimba bishobora gucika, kwivanga, cyangwa gusenyuka.
• Iyo ubushyuhe butangiye kwiyongera hakiri kare cyane cyangwa cyane, ifuro riragabanuka, bigatuma ubucucike bw'inyuma burushaho kwiyongera.

Icyiciro cya 4: Gel Point (Icyiciro cy'Impinduka y'Icy ...

Leta

Umuyoboro w’ibice bitatu uhuza ibintu. Gutera ifuro no gukurura ibintu bigera ku buringanire, ibi bikaba ari byo by'ingenzi cyane muri iki gikorwa cyose.

Impinduka mu miterere ya Viscoelastic

• Sisitemu itakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutembera.
• Ubukana bugaragara bwerekeza ku butagira iherezo.
• Uburimbane buba umutungo wiganje.
• Guhinduka kw'umubiri biba byoroshye cyane, bigakira vuba nyuma yo gukanda cyangwa kunanura umubiri.
• Imiterere y'uturemangingo ihora ihamye uko inkuta z'uturemangingo zikomera.

Akamaro k'umusaruro

• Gutera ifuro rikabije cyane bishobora gutuma ritagenda neza kandi rikagira ubucucike bwinshi bw'ifuro.
• Guteba gukabije bishobora gutuma umwuka utakaza, ifuro rigabanuka, ndetse no gusenyuka.

Icyiciro cya 5: Icyiciro cyo gukira no gukura (Nyuma yo Guterura)

Leta

Amatsinda asigaye arwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere akomeje kugira icyo akora, arushaho gushimangira urusobe rw’imiyoboro ihuza amashami. Kwaguka kw’ifuro birahagarara, kandi ibikoresho bigenda bikomera buhoro buhoro.

Imiterere ya Viscoelastic

• Ubucucike bw'imiyoboro ya Crosslink bukomeje kwiyongera.
• Uburimbane buriyongera buhoro buhoro.
• Uburimbane butuma ibintu bikomera.

Ku ifuro ryoroshye:

• Uburimbane bwinshi buragumana.
• Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira no gukomera birakomeza.

Ku ifuro rikomeye:

• Uburimbane buragabanuka.
• Impinduka z'ibikoresho zigana ku bushobozi bukomeye.
• Guhinduka kw'ibara biba plastike kurusha guhindagurika.

Imihangayiko y'imbere isigaye ibaho mu ntangiriro ariko irekurwa buhoro buhoro mu gihe cyo gushya, bigatuma imiterere ya viscoelastic ikomera.

Impinduka zikurikiraho

Nyuma yo gushya bihagije mu bihe biri hagati y’ikirere, guhuza ibintu biba byuzuye, kandi imiterere ya mekanike na viscoelastic ikomeza kuba ihamye.

3. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku myitwarire y'imitsi yo mu maso

1. Katalisiti (Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane cyo kugenzura)

Katalysti zo Kuvuza

• Kwihutisha ikorwa rya gaze.
• Guteza imbere iterambere rya viscosity hakiri kare.
• Komeza kwagura ifuro vuba cyane.

Imashini zikoresha gel (Gel Catalysts)

• Kwihutisha uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu.
• Shyiraho urusobe rw'amashanyarazi vuba.
• Gabanya igihe cya jeli.

Kudahuza kw'ibikomoka ku katalysiti

Kudahuza neza hagati yo guhumeka n'ibinyabutabire bya gel bibangamira imiterere y'ifuro n'ubushyuhe, bigahindura imiterere ya viscoelastic, kandi bishobora gutuma ifuro rigwa, rigabanuka, cyangwa imiterere y'uturemangingo tw'umubiri ikomera.

2. Ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho fatizo

Ubushyuhe bwinshi

• Yihutisha igipimo rusange cy'ingaruka.
• Yongera igipimo cyo gukura kw'ubushyuhe n'ubudahangarwa.
• Bitera ubwinshi bw'ibinure mu mubiri hakiri kare.

Ubushyuhe buri hasi

• Bigabanya igipimo cy'ingaruka.
• Bituma habaho kwiyongera gukomeye k'imiterere ya viscoelastic.
• Bitinda gushonga kw'umwuka (gel) kandi byongera ibyago byo kubura umwuka.

3. Igipimo cya NCO (Igipimo cya Isocyanate)

Igipimo cy'imisoro ku rwego rwo hejuru

• Biteza imbere guhuza cyane.
• Yongera uburimbane n'ubudahangarwa byihuse.
• Bitanga ifuro rirushaho kwangirika.

Igipimo gito cya NCO

• Bituma habaho guhuza amashami ku buryo budahagije.
• Bituma habaho uburimbane buke kandi bigatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka.
• Itanga ifuro ryoroshye rituma ihinduka ry’uruhu rirushaho kwiyongera kandi rikagabanuka cyane.

4. Surfactants n'ibikoresho byuzuza

Ibikoresho bya silikoni

• Kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko w'umubiri hagati y'uruso n'uruso.
• Guteza imbere ikwirakwizwa ry’ibinure bya viscoelastic mu buryo bumwe mu ifuro ryose.
• Irinde imiterere y'uturemangingo idahuye bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ubukana cyangwa ubwisanzure.

Ibikoresho byuzuza ibintu bidafite umwimerere

• Ongera ubukana bw'imikorere y'umubiri mu ntangiriro.
• Kugabanya uburibwe.
• Komeza imiterere y'ifuro ikomere muri rusange.

5. Imiterere ya Polyol

Polyol zikora cyane

• Kora imiyoboro minini ihuza amashami ku buryo bworoshye.
• Ongera uburimbane n'ubudahangarwa vuba.

Polyols zifite uburemere bunini bwa molekile, iminyururu miremire

• Kora gahunda yo guhuza buhoro buhoro.
• Kora imyitwarire yoroshye yoroshye.
• Gumana ubushyuhe igihe kirekire.
• Biranga imiterere y'ifuro yoroshye.

4. Incamake: Icyerekezo rusange cya Viscoelastic mu gihe cyo gusohora ifuro

Muri make, inzira yose yo gusohora ifuro ni ihinduka ry’imitsi aho sisitemu ihinduka kuva kuriamazi afite viscous gusamuriurusobe rw'imirongo itatu rwa elastomeric.

Uburinganire hagatikwaguka no gukwirakwiza ifuro, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'impinduka mu miterere ya viscoelastic y'iyi sisitemu, bigena mu buryo butaziguye imiterere ya nyuma y'ifuro, ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo, n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro muri rusange.