Ibice bya tekiniki byo gutera ifuro rya polyurethane mu murima
Ibikoresho byo gukingira ifuro rya polyurethane rigid (PU) ni polymer ifite imiterere isubiramo ya carbamate segment, ikorwa n'uburyo isocyanate na polyol zikora. Bitewe n'uburyo ikingira ubushyuhe bwiza kandi idapfa amazi, ikoreshwa cyane mu gukingira ubushyuhe bwo hanze ku rukuta no ku gisenge, ndetse no mu bubiko bukonje, mu bubiko bw'ibinyampeke, mu byumba byo kubikamo ibinyampeke, mu byumba byo kubikamo ibintu, mu miyoboro, mu nzugi, mu madirishya no mu bindi bice byihariye byo gukingira ubushyuhe.
Kuri ubu, uretse ibikorwa byo gukingira ibisenge no kwirinda amazi, inakora imirimo itandukanye nko kubika ibintu bikonjesha ndetse no gushyiraho imiti minini cyangwa iciriritse.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu kubaka spray ya polyurethane ikozwe mu ifuro rigikomeye
Ubuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga rihamye ryo gutera ifuro rya polyurethane riteza ibibazo bitewe n'ibibazo bishobora kubaho nko mu mwobo utaringaniye w'ifuro. Ni ngombwa kongera amahugurwa y'abakozi b'ubwubatsi kugira ngo babashe guhangana neza n'uburyo bwo gutera ifuro no gukemura ibibazo bya tekiniki bahura nabyo mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi. Ibibazo by'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga mu kubaka ifuro ryibanda cyane cyane ku ngingo zikurikira:
Kugenzura igihe cyo kwera n'ingaruka za atome.
Ikorwa rya polyurethane foam rigizwe n'ibice bibiri: gusohora ifuro no gushya.
Kuva mu cyiciro cyo kuvanga kugeza igihe ingano y'ifuro ihagaze - iki gikorwa kizwi nka "furoming". Muri iki cyiciro, uburinganire mu gukwirakwiza umwobo w'ifuro bugomba kwitabwaho iyo ingano nini ya ester ishyushye irekurwa mu buryo mu gihe cyo gutera imiti. Ubwiza bw'ifuro bushingiye ahanini ku bintu nka:
1. Itandukaniro ry'ikigereranyo cy'ibikoresho
Hari itandukaniro rinini ry’ubucucike hagati y’udupira twakozwe n’imashini ugereranije n’utwo twakozwe n’intoki. Ubusanzwe, igipimo cy’ibikoresho bishyirwaho n’imashini ni 1:1; ariko bitewe n’uko urwego rw’ubucucike rutandukanye hagati y’ibikoresho by’umweru bitandukanye by’ababikora - igipimo nyacyo cy’ibikoresho gishobora kudahura n’ibi bipimo bidahinduka bigatuma habaho itandukaniro mu bucucike bw’ifuro bushingiye ku ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’umweru cyangwa umukara rikabije.
2. Ubushyuhe buri hagati y'ikirere
Ifuro rya polyurethane rishobora kwibasirwa cyane n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe; uburyo rivamo ifuro rishingiye cyane ku bushyuhe buboneka buturuka ku mikorere y’ibinyabutabire mu mubiri ubwawo hamwe n’ibikomoka ku bidukikije.
Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru bihagije kugira ngo habeho ubushyuhe bushingiye ku bidukikije - byihutisha umuvuduko w'ibisubizo bigatuma habaho ifuro ryagutse ryuzuye rifite ubucucike buhoraho kuva ku buso kugeza ku ruti rw'imbere.
Ku rundi ruhande, iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi (urugero, munsi ya 18°C), ubushyuhe bumwe na bumwe bukwirakwira mu bidukikije bigatuma igihe kirekire cyo gushya gikomeza kwiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko wo kubumba bityo bigatanga ikiguzi cyo gukora.
3.Umuyaga
Mu gihe cyo gutera imiti, umuvuduko w'umuyaga ugomba kuguma munsi ya 5m/s; kurenza uyu mubare w'amashanyarazi bikuraho ubushyuhe buterwa n'ingaruka z'ibyuka bigatera ifuro ryihuse mu gihe bigatuma ubuso bw'umuti bucika intege.
4. Ubushyuhe bw'ibanze n'ubushuhe
Ubushyuhe bw'inkuta z'ibanze bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza ya polyurethane mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha cyane cyane iyo ubushyuhe bw'ikirere n'ubw'inkuta z'ibanze ari buke - kwinjira vuba bibaho nyuma yo gusigwa mbere bigagabanya umusaruro w'ibikoresho muri rusange.
Kubwibyo, kugabanya igihe cyo kuruhuka cya saa sita mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutegura gahunda z'ingamba biba ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho igipimo cyiza cyo kwagura polyurethane ikozwe mu ifuro rikomeye.
Ifuro rya Polyurethane Rigid rihagarariye umusaruro wa polymer ukorwa binyuze mu gukorana hagati y'ibice bibiri - Isocyanate na Polyether ivanze.
Ibice bya isocyanate bihita bikorana n’ibice bitanga urea bitanga amazi; kwiyongera k’ibice bitanga urea bituma ifuro ricika intege mu gihe bigabanya gufatana hagati yabyo n’ibice bito, bityo bigasaba ko ahantu hasukuye h’ibice byumye hatagira ingese/umukungugu/ubushuhe/umwanda cyane cyane birinda iminsi y’imvura aho ikime/urubura bisaba gukuraho hanyuma hagakurikiraho kuma mbere yo gukomeza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-16-2024