Ubwoko bushya bwa polyurethane bwateguwe hifashishijwe molekile ntoya ya polyacide na molekile ntoya nkibikoresho fatizo byo gutegura prepolymers. Mugihe cyo kwagura urunigi, polymers ya hyperbranched hamwe na trimeri ya HDI byinjijwe muburyo bwa polyurethane. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko ibifatika byateguwe muri ubu bushakashatsi bifite ubukonje bukwiye, ubuzima burebure bwa disiki, bushobora gukira vuba ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi bukagira imiterere myiza yo guhuza, imbaraga zo gufunga ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.

Gupakira ibintu byoroshye byoroshye bifite ibyiza byo kugaragara neza, uburyo bwagutse bwo gusaba, ubwikorezi bworoshye, hamwe nigiciro gito cyo gupakira. Kuva yatangizwa, yakoreshejwe cyane mu biribwa, ubuvuzi, imiti ya buri munsi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'izindi nganda, kandi ikundwa cyane n'abaguzi. Imikorere yuburyo bworoshye bwo gupakira ntabwo ijyanye nibikoresho bya firime gusa, ahubwo biterwa nuburyo bwo gufatira hamwe. Ibikoresho bya polyurethane bifite ibyiza byinshi nkimbaraga zihuza cyane, guhinduka gukomeye, nisuku numutekano. Kugeza ubu ni inzira nyamukuru ishyigikira ibifatika byo gupakira byoroshye kandi byibandwaho nubushakashatsi bwakozwe ninganda zikomeye.

Gusaza k'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ni inzira y'ingenzi mu gutegura ibipapuro byoroshye. Hamwe n'intego za politiki y'igihugu za "carbone peak" na "kutabogama kwa karubone", kurengera ibidukikije bibisi, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi no kuzigama ingufu byabaye intego ziterambere ryinzego zose. Ubushyuhe bwo gusaza hamwe nigihe cyo gusaza bigira ingaruka nziza kumashanyarazi ya firime. Mubyukuri, uko ubushyuhe bwo gusaza nigihe kinini cyo gusaza, niko igipimo cyo kurangiza reaction niko ingaruka nziza yo gukira. Mubikorwa nyabyo byo gusaba umusaruro, niba ubushyuhe bwo gusaza bushobora kugabanuka kandi igihe cyo gusaza gishobora kugabanywa, nibyiza kudasaba gusaza, kandi gutemagura no gupakira birashobora gukorwa nyuma yimashini yazimye. Ibi ntibishobora kugera ku ntego zo kurengera ibidukikije gusa no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ariko kandi bizigama amafaranga y’umusaruro no kuzamura umusaruro.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije guhuza ubwoko bushya bwa polyurethane bufatika bufite ubukonje bukwiye hamwe nubuzima bwa disiki ya disiki mugihe cyo kubyara no kuyikoresha, burashobora gukira vuba mugihe cyubushyuhe buke, byaba byiza nta bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ntibuhindura imikorere yibipimo bitandukanye byerekana ibintu byoroshye.

1.1 Ibikoresho byubushakashatsi Acide Adipic, aside sebacic, Ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, TDI, HDI trimer, laboratoire yakozwe na hyperbranched polymer, Ethyl acetate, firime polyethylene (PE), firime polyester (PET), aluminium foil (AL).
1.2 Ibikoresho byubushakashatsi Ibiro byamashanyarazi bihoraho ubushyuhe bwumuriro wumye: DHG-9203A, Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.; Guhinduranya viscometer: NDJ-79, Shanghai Renhe Keyi Co, Ltd.; Imashini igerageza kwisi yose: XLW, Labthink; Isesengura rya Thermogravimetric: TG209, NETZSCH, Ubudage; Ikizamini cyo gushyushya kashe: SKZ1017A, Jinan Qingqiang Electromechanical Co., Ltd.
1.3 Uburyo bwo guhuza
1) Gutegura prepolymer: Kama flask yamajosi ane neza hanyuma uyinyuzemo N2, hanyuma ushyiremo molekile ntoya yapimwe polyol na polyacide mumashanyarazi ane yizosi hanyuma utangire kubyutsa. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwagenwe kandi amazi asohoka yegereye amazi asohoka, fata urugero runaka rwicyitegererezo cyo gupima agaciro ka aside. Iyo agaciro ka aside ari ≤20 mg / g, tangira intambwe ikurikira yo kwitwara; ongeramo 100 × 10-6 metal catalizator, uhuze umuyoboro wumurizo wa vacuum hanyuma utangire pompe ya vacuum, ugenzure igipimo cyibisindisha byinzoga kurwego rwa vacuum, mugihe ibisohoka byinzoga nyazo byegeranye nibisohoka byinzoga, fata icyitegererezo runaka mugupima agaciro ka hydroxyl, hanyuma uhagarike reaction mugihe agaciro ka hydroxyl yujuje ibisabwa. Polyurethane prepolymer yabonetse irapakirwa kugirango ikoreshwe neza.
) shyushya kuri 2.0 h, fata ibyitegererezo kugirango ugerageze ibirimo NCO, ukonje kandi urekure ibikoresho byo gupakira nyuma yibirimo NCO yujuje ibyangombwa.
3) Kumisha byumye: Kuvanga Ethyl acetate, agent nyamukuru hamwe nu muti wogukiza muburyo runaka hanyuma ubyuke neza, hanyuma ushyireho kandi utegure ingero kumashini yumye.

1.4 Ibiranga Ikizamini
1) Viscosity: Koresha viscometer izenguruka hanyuma ukoreshe GB / T 2794-1995 Uburyo bwo kwipimisha kugirango ibashe kwizirika;
2) Imbaraga za T-peel: zapimwe ukoresheje imashini yipimisha isi yose, yerekeza kuri GB / T 8808-1998 uburyo bwo gupima imbaraga zishishwa;
3) Ubushyuhe bwa kashe: banza ukoreshe igeragezwa ryubushyuhe kugirango ushireho kashe yubushyuhe, hanyuma ukoreshe imashini yipimisha tensile kwisi yose kugirango ugerageze, reba GB / T 22638.7-2016 uburyo bwo gupima ingufu za kashe;
4) Isesengura rya Thermogravimetric (TGA): Ikizamini cyakozwe hifashishijwe isesengura rya termogravimetric ifite ubushyuhe bwa 10 ℃ / min hamwe nubushyuhe bwikigereranyo buri hagati ya 50 na 600 ℃.

2.1 Impinduka zijimye hamwe no kuvanga igihe cyo kubyitwaramo Ubukonje bwumuti hamwe nubuzima bwa disiki ya reberi nibimenyetso byingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora ibicuruzwa. Niba ibishishwa bya adhesive ari byinshi cyane, ingano ya kole ikoreshwa izaba nini cyane, bigira ingaruka kumiterere no gutwikira igiciro cya firime; niba ibishishwa biri hasi cyane, ingano ya kole ikoreshwa izaba mike cyane, kandi wino ntishobora kwinjizwa neza, ibyo nabyo bizagira ingaruka kumiterere no guhuza imikorere ya firime. Niba ubuzima bwa disiki ya reberi ari bugufi cyane, ubwiza bwa kole bubitswe mu kigega cya kole buziyongera vuba, kandi kole ntishobora gukoreshwa neza, kandi icyuma cya reberi nticyoroshye koza; niba ubuzima bwa disiki ya reberi ari ndende cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yambere yo gufatira hamwe no guhuza imikorere yibikoresho, ndetse bikagira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo gukira, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku musaruro wibicuruzwa.

Igenzura rikwiye ryubuzima hamwe nubuzima bwa disiki ifatika nibintu byingenzi kugirango ukoreshe neza ibifatika. Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwo gukora, umukozi mukuru, Ethyl acetate na muti wo gukiza bahinduwe ku gaciro ka R hamwe n’ubukonje, kandi ibifatika bizunguruka mu kigega gifata hamwe na reberi idakoresheje kole kuri firime. Ingero zifatika zifatwa mugihe gitandukanye kugirango zipimishe ubwiza. Ubukonje bukwiye, ubuzima bukwiye bwa disiki ifata, hamwe no gukira byihuse mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke nintego zingenzi zikurikiranwa na polyurethane yifashishije ibishishwa mugihe cyo gukora no kuyikoresha.

2.2 Ingaruka yubushyuhe bwo gusaza kumbaraga zishishwa Igikorwa cyo gusaza nigikorwa cyingenzi, gitwara igihe, imbaraga nyinshi kandi umwanya munini cyane kugirango bipakire byoroshye. Ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa ku musaruro wibicuruzwa, ariko cyane cyane, bigira ingaruka kumiterere no guhuza imikorere yibikoresho byoroshye. Guhangana n’intego za guverinoma yo "hejuru ya karubone" no "kutabogama kwa karubone" no guhatanira amasoko akomeye, gusaza kw’ubushyuhe buke no gukira vuba ni inzira nziza zo kugera ku gukoresha ingufu nke, umusaruro w’icyatsi n’umusaruro unoze.

Filime ya PET / AL / PE yari ishaje mubushyuhe bwicyumba no kuri 40, 50, na 60 ℃. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, imbaraga zishishwa zurwego rwimbere AL / PE rwubatswe rwagumye ruhagaze neza nyuma yo gusaza 12 h, kandi gukira byarangiye; ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, imbaraga zishishwa zurwego rwinyuma PET / AL rwubatswe-rugari rwinshi rwagumyeho cyane nyuma yo gusaza kumasaha 12, byerekana ko ibikoresho bya firime-bariyeri nyinshi bizagira ingaruka kumuti wa polyurethane; ugereranije ubushyuhe bwo gukiza bwa 40, 50, na 60 ℃, nta tandukaniro rigaragara ryakozwe mugipimo cyo gukira.

Ugereranije n’ibisanzwe byifashishwa bya polyurethane bifata ku isoko ryubu, igihe cyo gusaza cyane ni amasaha 48 cyangwa arenga. Amashanyarazi ya polyurethane muri ubu bushakashatsi arashobora ahanini kurangiza gukiza imiterere-barrière ndende mumasaha 12 mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ibimera byateye imbere bifite umurimo wo gukira byihuse. Iyinjizwa rya polymer ryakozwe na hyperbranched polymers hamwe na isocyanates ikora cyane mugufatisha, hatitawe kumiterere yinyuma yububiko bwimbere cyangwa imiterere yimbere yimbere, imbaraga zishishwa mubihe byubushyuhe bwicyumba ntizitandukanye cyane nimbaraga zishishwa mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru, byerekana ko ifata ryateye imbere ridafite umurimo wo gukira vuba gusa.

2.3.

Iyo firime ikomatanya iri hanze yimashini, imbaraga zidashyirwaho ubushyuhe ni nkeya, 17 N / (15 mm) gusa. Muri iki gihe, ibifatika byatangiye gukomera kandi ntibishobora gutanga imbaraga zihagije zo guhuza. Imbaraga zageragejwe muri iki gihe nimbaraga zubushyuhe bwa firime ya PE; uko gusaza byiyongera, imbaraga za kashe yubushyuhe yiyongera cyane. Ubushyuhe bwa kashe nyuma yo gusaza kumasaha 12 nubusanzwe burasa nubwa nyuma yamasaha 24 na 48, byerekana ko gukira byarangiye ahanini mumasaha 12, bitanga guhuza bihagije kumafilime atandukanye, bigatuma imbaraga za kashe ziyongera. Uhereye ku ihindagurika ry'umurongo w'ubushyuhe bwa kashe ku bushyuhe butandukanye, birashobora kugaragara ko mugihe kimwe cyo gusaza, nta tandukaniro ryinshi ryimbaraga zashyizweho nubushyuhe hagati yubushyuhe bwicyumba na 40, 50, na 60 ℃. Gusaza mubushyuhe bwicyumba birashobora kugera rwose ku ngaruka zo gusaza kwinshi. Imiterere yo gupakira yoroheje ihujwe niyi miti yateye imbere ifite imbaraga zidashyirwaho kashe yubushyuhe bukabije.

2.4 Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa firime yakize Mugihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye, gufunga ubushyuhe no gukora imifuka birakenewe. Usibye kuba ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwibikoresho bya firime ubwabyo, ituze ryumuriro wa firime polyurethane yakize igena imikorere nigaragara ryibicuruzwa byapakiye byoroshye. Ubu bushakashatsi bukoresha isesengura rya gravimetricique (TGA) uburyo bwo gusesengura ituze ryumuriro wa firime polyurethane yakize.

Filime yakize ya polyurethane ifite impanuro ebyiri zigaragara zo kugabanya ibiro ku bushyuhe bwikizamini, bihuye no kubora kwamashyanyarazi agace gakomeye nigice cyoroshye. Ubushyuhe bwangirika bwumuriro wigice cyoroheje ni hejuru cyane, kandi gutakaza ubushyuhe bwumuriro bitangira kugaragara kuri 264 ° C. Kuri ubu bushyuhe, irashobora kuba yujuje ibyangombwa byubushyuhe bwibikorwa byubu bipfunyika ubushyuhe bworoshye, kandi birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byubushyuhe bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bipfunyika cyangwa byuzura, ubwikorezi bwa kontineri ndende, hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa; ubushyuhe bwo kubora ubushyuhe bwigice gikomeye ni hejuru, bugera kuri 347 ° C. Iterambere ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukiza-budafite imiti ihamye. AC-13 ivanze na asifalt hamwe nicyuma cyiyongereyeho 2,1%.

3) Iyo ibyuma bya shitingi bigeze ku 100%, ni ukuvuga, iyo ingano imwe ingana na 4,75 kugeza kuri 9.5 mm isimbuye burundu urutare, agaciro gasigara gasigara kavanze na asfalt kangana na 85,6%, kikaba kiri hejuru ya 0.5% kurenza icya AC-13 kivanze na asifalt kitagira icyuma; igipimo cyo kugabana imbaraga ni 80.8%, kiri hejuru ya 0.5% kurenza icya AC-13 ivanze na asifalt idafite icyuma. Kwiyongera kwicyuma gikwiye cyicyuma kirashobora kunoza neza igisigisigi gisigaye no kugabana imbaraga zingana za AC-13 ibyuma bya slag asifalt ivanze, kandi birashobora guteza imbere neza amazi yimvange ya asfalt.

1. ubuzima bwa disiki ifata bugera kuri min 60, bushobora kuzuza byimazeyo igihe cyo gukora cyamasosiyete apakira ibintu byoroshye mugikorwa cyo gukora.

2) Birashobora kugaragara bivuye ku mbaraga zishishwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwa kashe yerekana ko igiti cyateguwe gishobora gukira vuba mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Nta tandukaniro rinini riri mu kwihuta gukiza ku bushyuhe bwicyumba no kuri 40, 50, na 60 ℃, kandi nta tandukaniro rinini rifite imbaraga zo guhuza. Iyi miti irashobora gukira rwose nta bushyuhe bwinshi kandi irashobora gukira vuba.

3) Isesengura rya TGA ryerekana ko ibifatika bifite ubushyuhe bwiza kandi bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukora, gutwara no gukoresha.