Imitegurire n'imiterere y'ifuro rya polyurethane rigid ku bikoresho byo mu ntoki bikoresha imodoka.
Agakoresho ko ku ruhande imbere mu modoka ni igice cy'ingenzi cya kabine, kigira uruhare rwo gusunika no gukurura urugi no gushyira ukuboko k'umuntu uri mu modoka. Mu gihe cy'impanuka, iyo imodoka n'aho igonganye, aho ifatana na polyurethane soft handrail na modified PP (polypropylene), ABS (polyacrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene) n'izindi handrail zikomeye za pulasitiki, bishobora gutanga uburimbane bwiza n'ubufasha, bityo bikagabanya imvune. Handrail zoroshye za polyurethane soft handrail zishobora gutanga imiterere myiza y'intoki n'imiterere myiza y'ubuso, bityo bikanoza ihumure n'ubwiza bw'aho cockpit ikorera. Kubwibyo, hamwe n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora imodoka no kunoza ibyo abantu bakeneye ku bikoresho byo imbere, ibyiza bya polyurethane soft handrails mu handrails z'imodoka biragenda bigaragara cyane.
Hari ubwoko butatu bw'imigozi yoroshye ya polyurethane: ifuro rikomeye, ifuro ryigenga n'ifuro ritoroshye. Igice cyo hanze cy'imigozi yoroshye gitwikiriwe n'uruhu rwa PVC (polyvinyl chloride), naho imbere ni ifuro rito cyane rya polyurethane. Inkunga y'ifuro ni ntoya, imbaraga ni nke, kandi gufatana hagati y'ifuro n'uruhu ntibihagije. Umugozi wigenga ufite uruhu rw'ibanze rwa foam, igiciro gito, urugero rwo kwihuza, kandi ukoreshwa cyane mu modoka z'ubucuruzi, ariko biragoye kwita ku mbaraga z'ubuso n'ihumure rusange. Agakoresho ko ku ruhande gato gatwikiriwe n'uruhu rwa PVC, uruhu rutanga imiterere myiza, kandi ifuro ry'imbere rito rifite ibyiyumvo byiza, rirwanya ingaruka, rishobora gufata ingufu no kudasaza, bityo rikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha imbere mu modoka zitwara abagenzi.
Muri iyi nyandiko, hakozwe formula y'ibanze ya polyurethane semi-rigid foam ku nkuta z'imodoka, kandi kunoza kwayo kwigwa kuri iyi ngingo.
Igice cy'igerageza
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi
Polyole ya Polyether A (agaciro ka hydroxyl 30 ~ 40 mg/g), polyole ya polymer B (agaciro ka hydroxyl 25 ~ 30 mg/g): Wanhua Chemical Group Co., LTD. MDI yahinduwe [diphenylmethane diisocyanate, w (NCO) ni 25% ~ 30%], catalyst ivanze, igabanya ubushyuhe (Umukozi wa 3), antioxidant A: Wanhua Chemical (Beijing) Co., LTD., Maitou, nibindi; Igabanya ubushyuhe (Umukozi wa 1), igabanya ubushyuhe (Umukozi wa 2): Byke Chemical. Ibikoresho fatizo byavuzwe haruguru ni urwego rw'inganda. Uruhu rw'imbere rwa PVC: Changshu Ruihua.
Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi
Imashini ivangavanga yihuta cyane yo mu bwoko bwa Sdf-400, ikoranabuhanga rya AR3202CN, ifuru ya aluminiyumu (10cm × 10cm × 1cm, 10cm × 10cm × 5cm), ifuru ikoresha amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa 101-4AB, imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa KJ-1065, thermostat ikomeye yo mu bwoko bwa 501A.
Gutegura formula y'ibanze n'icyitegererezo
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gukora ifuro rya polyurethane rito rigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
Gutegura icyitegererezo cy’imiterere ya mekanike: polyether ivanze (A material) yateguwe hakurikijwe imiterere, ivanze na MDI yahinduwe mu rugero runaka, ivangwa n’igikoresho cyo gukurura cyihuta (3000r/min) mu gihe cy’amasegonda 3 ~ 5, hanyuma isuka mu ifuro rijyanye naryo, hanyuma igafungura ifuro mu gihe runaka kugira ngo ibone icyitegererezo cy’ifuro rya polyurethane ritoroshye.
Gutegura icyitegererezo cyo gupima imikorere y’urushundura: urwego rw’uruhu rwa PVC rushyirwa mu gice cyo hasi cy’urushundura, hanyuma polyether ivanze na MDI yahinduwe bivangwa mu rugero, bikangurwa n’igikoresho cyo gukangura cyihuta (3 000 r/min) mu gihe cy’amasegonda 3-5, hanyuma bigasukwa ku ruhu, hanyuma urushundura rugafungwa, maze ifuro rya polyurethane ririmo urushundura rugakorwa mu gihe runaka.
Ikizamini cy'imikorere
Imiterere ya mekanike: 40% CLD (ubukana bwo gukanda) hakurikijwe ikizamini gisanzwe cya ISO-3386; Imbaraga zo gukanda no kurekura igihe cyo gucika bipimwa hakurikijwe ikizamini cya ISO-1798; Imbaraga zo gucika zigeragezwa hakurikijwe ikizamini cya ISO-8067. Imikorere yo guhuza: Imashini ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ikoreshwa mu gukuraho uruhu no gusuka ifuro kuri 180° hakurikijwe ikizamini cya OEM.
Imikorere y'ubusaza: Gerageza igihombo cy'imiterere y'imashini n'imiterere y'ubuhuza nyuma y'amasaha 24 yo gusaza kuri 120°C ukurikije ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa OEM.
Ibisubizo n'ibiganiro
Imitungo ya tekiniki
Mu guhindura igipimo cya polyether polyol A na polymer polyol B muri formula y'ibanze, ingaruka z'ingano itandukanye ya polyether ku miterere ya mekanike ya polyurethane foam ikora nk'uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.
Bigaragara mu bisubizo biri mu mbonerahamwe ya 2 ko igipimo cya polyether polyol A kuri polymer polyol B bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya mashini ya polyurethane foam. Iyo igipimo cya polyether polyol A kuri polymer polyol B cyiyongereye, uburebure bw'aho icika buriyongera, ubukana bwo gukanda bugabanuka ku rugero runaka, kandi imbaraga zo gukurura n'imbaraga zo gucika birahinduka gato. Uruhererekane rwa molekile rwa polyurethane rugizwe ahanini n'igice cyoroshye n'igice gikomeye, igice cyoroshye kiva kuri polyol n'igice gikomeye kiva kuri carbamate bond. Ku ruhande rumwe, uburemere bwa molekile n'agaciro ka hydroxyl bya polyols ebyiri biratandukanye, ku rundi ruhande, polyol B ya polymer ni polyether polyol yahinduwe na acrylonitrile na styrene, kandi gukomera kw'igice cy'umunyururu kurarushaho kwiyongera bitewe no kuba hari impeta ya benzene, mu gihe polyol B ya polymer irimo ibintu bito bya molekile, byongera ububobere bwa foam. Iyo polyether polyol A ari ibice 80 na polyol B ya polymer ari ibice 10, imiterere rusange ya molekile ya foam iba myiza kurushaho.
Umutungo w'ingwate
Nk'igicuruzwa gifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukandagira, umugozi uzagabanya cyane ihumure ry'ibice iyo ifuro n'uruhu bipfutse, bityo imikorere y'ifuro rya polyurethane n'uruhu irakenewe. Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwavuzwe haruguru, hongewemo ibintu bitandukanye byo gutosesha kugira ngo hagenzurwe imiterere y'ifuro n'uruhu bifatanye. Ibisubizo bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 3.
Bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 3 ko ibintu bitandukanye bitosesha amazi bigira ingaruka zigaragara ku mbaraga zo gutosesha hagati y’ifuro n’uruhu: Gusenyuka kw’ifuro bibaho nyuma yo gukoresha inyongera ya 2, bishobora guterwa no gufungura cyane ifuro nyuma yo kongeramo inyongera ya 2; Nyuma yo gukoresha inyongera ya 1 na 3, imbaraga zo gutosesha amazi z’icyitegererezo cy’ubusa ziyongera, kandi imbaraga zo gutosesha amazi z’icyitegererezo cya 1 ziruta hafi 17% z’icyitegererezo cy’ubusa, kandi imbaraga zo gutosesha amazi z’icyitegererezo cya 3 ziruta hafi 25% z’icyitegererezo cy’ubusa. Itandukaniro riri hagati y’inyongera ya 1 n’inyongera ya 3 riterwa ahanini n’itandukaniro mu buryo ibintu bivanze bitosesha amazi ku buso. Muri rusange, kugira ngo harebwe uburyo amazi ashobora kutosesha amazi ku kintu gikomeye, inguni ihuza amazi ni ikintu cy’ingenzi mu gupima uburyo ubuso butosesha amazi. Kubwibyo, inguni ihuza amazi n’uruhu nyuma yo kongeramo ibintu bibiri bitosesha amazi byavuzwe haruguru yarageragejwe, kandi ibisubizo byagaragajwe ku Ishusho ya 1.
Bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 ko inguni y’icyitegererezo cy’ubusa ari yo nini kurusha izindi, ari zo 27°, naho inguni y’icyitegererezo cy’ubufasha 3 ikaba ari yo ntoya, ari zo 12° gusa. Ibi bigaragaza ko gukoresha inyongera 3 bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gutonyanga kw’ibikoresho bivanze n’uruhu ku rugero runini, kandi byoroshye gukwirakwira ku ruhu, bityo gukoresha inyongera 3 bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukuraho.
Imitungo ishaje
Ibikoresho byo mu ntoki bikandagirwa mu modoka, inshuro nyinshi izuba rigeramo ni nyinshi, kandi imikorere yo gusaza ni indi mikorere y'ingenzi polyurethane handrail foam igomba kuzirikana. Kubwibyo, imikorere yo gusaza ya formula y'ibanze yarageragejwe kandi inyigo yo kunoza irakorwa, kandi ibisubizo byagaragajwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 4.
Mu kugereranya amakuru ari mu mbonerahamwe ya 4, byagaragaye ko imiterere ya mekanike n'imiterere y'imibanire ya formula y'ibanze igabanuka cyane nyuma yo gusaza k'ubushyuhe kuri 120°C: nyuma yo gusaza mu gihe cy'amasaha 12, igihombo cy'imiterere itandukanye uretse ubucucike (kimwe kiri hepfo) ni 13% ~ 16%; Igihombo cy'imikorere yo gusaza mu masaha 24 ni 23% ~ 26%. Bigaragazwa ko imiterere ya mekanike y'ubushyuhe ya formula y'ibanze atari nziza, kandi imiterere ya mekanike y'ubushyuhe ya formula y'umwimerere ishobora kunozwa bigaragara hakongerwamo ubwoko bwa A bwa antioxidant A kuri formula. Mu bihe bimwe byo kugerageza nyuma yo kongeramo antioxidant A, igihombo cy'imiterere itandukanye nyuma y'amasaha 12 cyari 7% ~ 8%, naho igihombo cy'imiterere itandukanye nyuma y'amasaha 24 cyari 13% ~ 16%. Igabanuka ry'imiterere ya mekanike riterwa ahanini n'urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa bya chain biterwa no gucika kw'imibanire ya shimi na radicals zikora mu gihe cyo gusaza k'ubushyuhe, bigatera impinduka z'ingenzi mu miterere cyangwa imiterere y'ikintu cy'umwimerere. Ku ruhande rumwe, kugabanuka k'imikorere yo guhuza ibintu biterwa no kugabanuka k'imiterere y'ifuro ubwaryo, ku rundi ruhande, kuko uruhu rwa PVC rufite umubare munini w'ibintu bitera pulasitiki, kandi pulasitiki ijya hejuru mu gihe cyo gusaza kwa ogisijeni ishyushye. Kongeramo antioxydants bishobora kunoza imiterere yayo yo gusaza ubushyuhe, ahanini bitewe nuko antioxydants zishobora gukuraho radicals nshya zikozwe, zigatinza cyangwa zikabuza inzira yo gutwika ya polymer, kugira ngo igumane imiterere y'umwimerere ya polymer.
Imikorere yuzuye
Hashingiwe ku bisubizo byavuzwe haruguru, formula nziza yakozwe kandi imiterere yayo itandukanye yarasuzumwe. Imikorere ya formula yagereranyijwe n'iya polyurethane high rebound handrail foam rusange. Ibisubizo bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 5.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 5, imikorere myiza ya formula ya polyurethane ikoze neza ifite inyungu zimwe na zimwe ugereranyije n’iy’ibanze n’iy’ibanze, kandi irakenewe cyane, kandi irakwiriye cyane mu gukoresha imigozi y’intoki ikora neza cyane.
Umwanzuro
Guhindura ingano ya polyether no guhitamo imashini igabanya ubushyuhe n'irwanya ogisijeni bishobora guha polyurethane foam ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, ikanakoresha neza mu gusaza ubushyuhe n'ibindi. Hashingiwe ku mikorere myiza ya polyurethane, iyi polyurethane foam ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza ishobora gukoreshwa ku bikoresho by'imodoka nk'imigozi n'ameza y'ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Nyakanga-2024