Ibikoresho bya polyurethane bishobora guhinduka umuhondo uko igihe kigenda gihita bitewe no kuba byashyizwe mu rumuri rwa ultraviolet cyangwa ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka ku miterere yabyo no ku gihe cyabyo. Mu gushyira UV-320 na 2-hydroxyethyl thiophosphate mu muyoboro wa polyurethane, hateguwe polyurethane ishingiye ku mazi idafite ionic ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza ku muhondo. Binyuze mu itandukaniro ry'amabara, guhagarara, microscope ya electron yo gupima, spectrum ya X-ray n'ibindi bizamini, byagaragaye ko itandukaniro ry'amabara yose △E y'uruhu rwavuwe ibice 50 bya polyurethane idafite ionic ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza ku muhondo ryari 2.9, urwego rw'impinduka z'amabara rwari urwego rwa 1, kandi hari impinduka nto cyane y'amabara. Hamwe n'ibimenyetso by'ibanze by'imbaraga z'uruhu zo gukomera no kudashira, bigaragaza ko polyurethane yateguwe idashobora kongera ubudahangarwa bw'uruhu mu gihe igumana imiterere yarwo ya mekanike no kudashira.

Uko imibereho y'abantu yagendaga itera imbere, abantu bafite ibisabwa byinshi ku ntebe z'uruhu, bidasaba gusa ko zitangiza ubuzima bw'abantu, ahubwo bisaba no kuba nziza mu buryo bwiza. Polyurethane ishingiye ku mazi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho byo gusiga uruhu bitewe n'umutekano wayo mwiza kandi nta mwanda uhumanya, ifite ubwiza bwinshi, kandi ifite imiterere ya amino methylidynephosphonate isa n'iy'uruhu. Ariko, polyurethane ishingiye ku mazi ikunda guhinduka umuhondo iyo imaze igihe kinini ikoreshejwe n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet cyangwa ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'ibikoresho. Urugero, ibikoresho byinshi bya polyurethane byera akenshi bisa n'umuhondo, cyangwa ku rugero runini cyangwa ruto, hazabaho umuhondo iyo habayeho imirasire y'izuba. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwiga uburyo polyurethane ishingiye ku mazi irwanya umuhondo.

Ubu hari uburyo butatu bwo kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya polyurethane mu gihe ihinduka umuhondo: guhindura igipimo cy'ibice bikomeye n'ibyoroshye no guhindura ibikoresho fatizo bivuye ku mpamvu nyamukuru, kongeramo inyongeramusaruro z'umwimerere n'ibikoresho bya nanomaterial, no guhindura imiterere y'imiterere.

(a) Guhindura ingano y'ibice bikomeye n'ibyoroshye no guhindura ibikoresho fatizo bishobora gukemura ikibazo cy'uko polyurethane ubwayo ishobora kuba umuhondo, ariko ntibishobora gukemura ingaruka z'ibidukikije byo hanze kuri polyurethane kandi ntibishobora kuzuza ibisabwa ku isoko. Binyuze muri TG, DSC, kurwanya kwangirika no gupima imbaraga, byagaragaye ko imiterere y'imiterere ya polyurethane yateguwe irwanya ikirere n'uruhu rwavuwe na polyurethane nziza byari bihoraho, bigaragaza ko polyurethane irwanya ikirere ishobora kugumana imiterere y'ibanze y'uruhu mu gihe yongera cyane ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n'ikirere.

(b) Kongeramo inyongeramusaruro z’umwimerere n’ibikoresho bya nanomaterial nabyo bigira ibibazo nko kongeramo ingano nyinshi no kuvanga nabi imiterere ya polyurethane, bigatuma imiterere ya polyurethane igabanuka.

(c) Imigozi ya Disulfide ifite ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma bukomeye, bigatuma ingufu zayo zo gukora ziba nke cyane, kandi ishobora kuvunika no kongera kubakwa inshuro nyinshi. Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma bw'imigozi ya Disulfide, iyi migozi ihora ivunika kandi ikongera kubakwa munsi y'imirasire y'urumuri rwa ultraviolet, igahindura ingufu z'urumuri rwa ultraviolet mu gutanga ingufu z'ubushyuhe. Guhinduka k'umuhondo kwa polyurethane guterwa n'imirasire y'urumuri rwa ultraviolet, itera imigozi ya chemical mu bikoresho bya polyurethane kandi igatera gucika kw'imigozi no kuvugurura uburyo ihinduka, bigatera impinduka mu miterere no guhinduka k'umuhondo kwa polyurethane. Kubwibyo, binyuze mu kwinjiza imigozi ya disulfide mu bice by'uruhererekane rwa polyurethane bishingiye ku mazi, hageragejwe imikorere yo kwivura no kurwanya umuhondo kwa polyurethane. Dukurikije ikizamini cya GB/T 1766-2008, △E yari 4.68, kandi urwego rwo guhindura ibara rwari ku rwego rwa 2, ariko kubera ko yakoresheje tetraphenylene disulfide, ifite ibara runaka, ntabwo ikwiriye polyurethane irwanya umuhondo.

Imirasire y'urumuri rwa ultraviolet na disulfide bishobora guhindura urumuri rwa ultraviolet rwinjijwemo mo ingufu z'ubushyuhe kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z'imirasire y'urumuri rwa ultraviolet ku miterere ya polyurethane. Mu kwinjiza ibintu bihinduka bishobora guhinduka 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide mu cyiciro cyo kwagura polyurethane synthesis, byinjizwa mu miterere ya polyurethane, ari byo bintu bya disulfide birimo amatsinda ya hydroxyl byoroshye gukorana na isocyanate. Byongeye kandi, UV-320 ultraviolet absorber ishyirwamo kugira ngo ifatanye no kunoza uburyo polyurethane irwanya umuhondo. UV-320 irimo amatsinda ya hydroxyl, bitewe n'uko irangwa no gukorana byoroshye n'amatsinda ya isocyanate, ishobora kandi gushyirwa mu bice bya polyurethane chain no gukoreshwa mu ruhu rwo hagati kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuhondo wa polyurethane.

Binyuze mu isuzuma ry’itandukaniro ry’amabara, byagaragaye ko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuhondo bwa polyureth yo kurwanya umuhondo. Binyuze muri TG, DSC, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubushyuhe n’igerageza ryo gukurura, byagaragaye ko imiterere y’umubiri wa polyurethane yateguwe irwanya ikirere n’uruhu rwavuwe na polyurethane nziza byari bihoraho, bigaragaza ko polyurethane irwanya ikirere ishobora kugumana imiterere y’ibanze y’uruhu mu gihe yongera cyane ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ikirere.