Gushyiraho ifuro rikoreshwa mu bwubatsi rya polyurethane rigikomeye
Bitewe n’uko inyubako zigezweho zikenera ingufu nyinshi mu kuzigama no kurengera ibidukikije, imikorere y’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi mu gukingira ubushyuhe irushaho kuba ingenzi. Muri byo, polyurethane rigid foam ni ibikoresho byiza cyane bikingira ubushyuhe, bifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe n’ibindi byiza, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gukingira inyubako.
Umuti utera ifuro ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gukora ifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane. Dukurikije uburyo rikora, rishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: umuti utera ifuro ry'ibinyabutabire n'umuti utera ifuro ry'umubiri.
Gushyira mu byiciro ibikoresho bitanga ifuro
Umuti w’ifuro ni inyongeramusaruro ikora ibikoresho bya gazi na polyurethane mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa rya isocyanates na polyols. Amazi ni yo ahagarariye umuti w’ifuro, ukorana n’igice cya isocyanate kugira ngo uhindure umwuka wa dioxyde de carbone, kugira ngo ufure ibikoresho bya polyurethane. Umuti w’ifuro ni inyongeramusaruro yongerwa mu ikorwa rya polyurethane ikomeye, ifuro ibikoresho bya polyurethane binyuze mu bikorwa bya gazi. Imiti y’ifuro isanzwe ahanini ni ibintu bito bishyuha cyane, nka hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) cyangwa alkane (HC).
Iterambere ry'iterambere ryaumuti w'ifuroYatangiye mu mpera za 1950, isosiyete ya DuPont yakoresheje trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) nk'umuti utera ifuro ry'ifuro ry'umukara, kandi ibona umusaruro mwiza, kuva icyo gihe CFC-11 yakoreshejwe cyane mu bijyanye n'ifuro ry'umukara ry'umukara. Kubera ko CFC-11 yagaragaye ko yangije urwego rwa ozone, ibihugu by'i Burayi bw'Iburengerazuba byahagaritse gukoresha CFC-11 mu mpera za 1994, ndetse n'Ubushinwa nabwo bwahagaritse ikorwa n'ikoreshwa rya CFC-11 mu 2007. Nyuma yaho, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'u Burayi byabujije ikoreshwa rya CFC-11 yasimbuye HCFC-141b mu 2003 na 2004, uko bikurikirana. Uko ubumenyi ku bidukikije bwiyongera, ibihugu birimo gutangira guteza imbere no gukoresha ubundi buryo bufite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha ku isi (GWP).
Ibintu bivamo ifuro byo mu bwoko bwa Hfc byahoze bisimbura CFC-11 na HCFC-141b, ariko agaciro ka GWP k'ibintu bivamo ifuro byo mu bwoko bwa HFC karacyari hejuru, ibyo bikaba bitafasha mu kurengera ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, iterambere ry'ibintu bivamo ifuro mu rwego rw'ubwubatsi ryahindutse rikajya mu bindi bivamo ifuro byo mu bwoko bwa GWP nke.
Ibyiza n'ibibi by'ibikoresho by'ifuro
Nk'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira, ifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane rifite ibyiza byinshi, nko gukora neza cyane mu gukingira ubushyuhe, imbaraga nziza za mekanike, gukora neza mu gukurura amajwi, kumara igihe kirekire ubikora neza n'ibindi.
Nk'inyongera y'ingenzi mu gutegura ifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane, ifuro rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere, ikiguzi no kurinda ibidukikije ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe. Ibyiza by'ifuro ry'imiti ni ukwihuta kw'ifuro, ifuro rimwe, rishobora gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje, rishobora kubona igipimo cyo hejuru cy'ifuro, kugira ngo ritegure ifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane.
Ariko, ibintu bitera ifuro bishobora gukora imyuka mibi, nka dioxyde de carbone, monoxide de carbone na oxyde de azote, bigatera umwanda ku bidukikije. Akamaro k'ibintu bitera ifuro ni uko bidatanga imyuka mibi, bigira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije, kandi bishobora no kugira ingano nto y'ibiceri no gutuma amashanyarazi arushaho kwiyongera. Ariko, ibintu bitera ifuro bigira umuvuduko muto wo gusohora ifuro kandi bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe kugira ngo bikore neza.
Nk'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gukingira, ifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane rifite ibyiza byinshi, nko gukora neza cyane mu gukingira ubushyuhe, imbaraga nziza za mekanike, gukora neza mu gukurura amajwi, kumara igihe kirekire ubikora neza n'ibindi.
Nk'inkunga y'ingenzi mu guteguraifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane, ifuro rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere, ikiguzi no kurengera ibidukikije by'ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe. Ibyiza by'ifuro ry'imiti ni ukwihuta kw'ifuro, ifuro rimwe, rishobora gukoreshwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe, rishobora kubona igipimo cyo hejuru cy'ifuro, kugira ngo ritegure ifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane.
Ariko, ibintu bitera ifuro bishobora gukora imyuka mibi, nka dioxyde de carbone, monoxide de carbone na oxyde de azote, bigatera umwanda ku bidukikije. Akamaro k'ibintu bitera ifuro ni uko bidatanga imyuka mibi, bigira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije, kandi bishobora no kugira ingano nto y'ibiceri no gutuma amashanyarazi arushaho kwiyongera. Ariko, ibintu bitera ifuro bigira umuvuduko muto wo gusohora ifuro kandi bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe kugira ngo bikore neza.
Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Icyerekezo cy’ibikoresho bitanga ifuro mu nganda z’ubwubatsi mu gihe kizaza gishingiye ahanini ku iterambere ry’ibikoresho bitanga ifuro nke bya GWP. Urugero, CO2, HFO, n’ibindi bikoresho bisimbura amazi, bifite GWP nke, ODP ntarengwa, n’ibindi bikoresho birengera ibidukikije, byakoreshejwe cyane mu gukora ifuro rikomeye rya polyurethane. Byongeye kandi, uko ikoranabuhanga ry’ibikoresho bitanga ifuro rikomeza gutera imbere, ibikoresho bitanga ifuro bizakomeza guteza imbere imikorere myiza cyane, nko kugira ubushobozi bwo gukingira, gusohora ifuro ryinshi, no kuba ingano nto y’ibiceri.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibigo by’imiti bya organofluorine byo mu gihugu no mu mahanga byagiye bishakisha cyane kandi bigakora ibintu bishya bitanga ifuro birimo fluorine, harimo n’ibintu bitanga ifuro bya fluorine (HFO), byitwa ibikoresho bitanga ifuro byo mu gisekuru cya kane kandi ni ibikoresho bitanga ifuro byo mu gikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwiza mu gice cya gaze n’inyungu ku bidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-21-2024