Kumenyekanisha ibibyimba bya polyurethane ikomeye ifuro ikoreshwa mubwubatsi
Hamwe nibisabwa byinyubako zigezweho zo kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, imikorere yubushyuhe bwumuriro bwibikoresho byubaka biba ngombwa cyane. Muri byo, polyurethane rigid ifuro ni ibikoresho byiza cyane byo kubika amashyuza, bifite imiterere yubukanishi, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro nibindi byiza, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no kubaka insulation.
Umuti wo kubira ni kimwe mubyongeweho byingenzi mugukora polyurethane ikomeye. Ukurikije uburyo bwibikorwa byayo, irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: imiti ifata imiti ninshi ifata umubiri.
Itondekanya ryibikoresho byinshi
Imiti ifata imiti niyongera itanga gaze hamwe nifuro ya polyurethane mugihe cya reaction ya isocyanates na polyol. Amazi niyo ahagarariye imiti yimiti myinshi, ifata hamwe na isocyanate ikora gaze karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, kugirango ibe ifuro ya polyurethane. Ibikoresho bifata ifuro ninyongera byongewe mubikorwa byo gukora polyurethane ikomeye ifuro, ifunga ibikoresho bya polyurethane binyuze mubikorwa bya gaze. Ibikoresho bifata ifuro ahanini ni ibinyabuzima bitetse cyane, nka hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) cyangwa alkane (HC).
Inzira y'iterambere yaumukoziyatangiye mu mpera za 1950, isosiyete ya DuPont yakoresheje trichloro-fluoromethane (CFC-11) nka polyurethane ikomeye ifuro ifuro, kandi ibona umusaruro mwiza, kuva icyo gihe CFC-11 yakoreshejwe cyane mubijyanye na polyurethane ikomeye. Nkuko CFC-11 yerekanye ko yangije urwego rwa ozone, ibihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba byahagaritse gukoresha CFC-11 mu mpera za 1994, kandi Ubushinwa nabwo bwahagaritse gukora no gukoresha CFC-11 mu 2007. Nyuma yaho, Amerika n’Uburayi byabujije ikoreshwa ya CFC-11 yasimbuye HCFC-141b muri 2003 na 2004. Mu gihe ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije bwiyongera, ibihugu bitangiye kwiteza imbere no gukoresha ubundi buryo bufite ubushyuhe buke ku isi (GWP).
Imiti yo mu bwoko bwa Hfc yigeze gusimbuza CFC-11 na HCFC-141b, ariko agaciro ka GWP kavanze ubwoko bwa HFC karacyari hejuru cyane, ntabwo bifasha kurengera ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, mumyaka yashize, iterambere ryibikorwa byamafuro murwego rwubwubatsi rwahindutse muburyo buke-GWP.
Ibyiza n'ibibi by'abakozi benshi
Nkubwoko bwibikoresho byokwirinda, polyurethane ikomeye ifuro ifite ibyiza byinshi, nkibikorwa byiza byogukoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, imbaraga zumukanishi, imikorere myiza yo kwinjiza amajwi, ubuzima bwigihe kirekire bwubuzima nibindi nibindi.
Nkumufasha wingenzi mugutegura polyurethane ikomeye ifuro, umukozi wifuro agira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere, igiciro no kurengera ibidukikije ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe. Ibyiza byimiti ifata ifuro ni umuvuduko mwinshi, ifuro rimwe, irashobora gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe, irashobora kubona umuvuduko mwinshi, kugirango utegure polyurethane ikomeye cyane.
Nyamara, imiti yimiti irashobora kubyara imyuka yangiza, nka karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, monoxyde de carbone na azote, bigatuma umwanda wangiza ibidukikije. Ibyiza bya fonctionnement yumubiri nuko idatanga imyuka yangiza, ntigire ingaruka nke kubidukikije, kandi irashobora no kubona ingano ntoya kandi ikora neza. Nyamara, ibintu byinshi bifata umubiri bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kubira ifuro kandi bisaba ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bikore neza.
Nkubwoko bwibikoresho byokwirinda, polyurethane ikomeye ifuro ifite ibyiza byinshi, nkibikorwa byiza byogukoresha ubushyuhe bwumuriro, imbaraga zumukanishi, imikorere myiza yo kwinjiza amajwi, ubuzima bwigihe kirekire bwubuzima nibindi nibindi.
Nkumufasha wingenzi mugutegurapolyurethane ikomeye, ifuro ryinshi rifite ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere, igiciro no kurengera ibidukikije ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe. Ibyiza byimiti ifata ifuro ni umuvuduko mwinshi, ifuro rimwe, irashobora gukoreshwa mubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe, irashobora kubona umuvuduko mwinshi, kugirango utegure polyurethane ikomeye cyane.
Nyamara, imiti yimiti irashobora kubyara imyuka yangiza, nka karuboni ya dioxyde de carbone, monoxyde de carbone na azote, bigatuma umwanda wangiza ibidukikije. Ibyiza bya fonctionnement yumubiri nuko idatanga imyuka yangiza, ntigire ingaruka nke kubidukikije, kandi irashobora no kubona ingano ntoya kandi ikora neza. Nyamara, ibintu byinshi bifata umubiri bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kubira ifuro kandi bisaba ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango bikore neza.
Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Icyerekezo cyibikoresho byinshi mubikorwa byubwubatsi bizaza cyane cyane mugutezimbere abasimbuye GWP. Kurugero, CO2, HFO, nubundi buryo bwamazi, bifite GWP nkeya, zeru ODP, nibindi bikorwa bidukikije, byakoreshejwe cyane mugukora polyurethane ikomeye. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe inyubako yububiko bwa tekinoroji ikomeje gutera imbere, umukozi wifuro azarushaho guteza imbere imikorere myiza, nkibikorwa byiza byo gukumira, igipimo cyinshi, hamwe nubunini buto.
Mu myaka yashize, uruganda rukora imiti ya organofluorine yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga rwashakishaga cyane kandi rugateza imbere ibintu bishya birimo florine irimo ibibyimba bifata ifuro, harimo na florine olefine (HFO) ifata ifuro, ibyo bita ibisekuru bya kane bifata ifuro kandi ni ibintu bifata ifuro hamwe na gaze nziza icyiciro cyogukoresha ubushyuhe nibyiza kubidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-21-2024